21 Golden Rules of Stock Investing: 1. Investing without doing your homework on fundamentals is essentially giving away your money. 2. Don’t idolize Wall Street gurus—use information advantages from your own industry to deeply focus on one or two sectors. 3. Every stock represents a real, living company—first understand how it makes money. 4. In the short term, stock prices reflect sentiment; in the long term, they reflect performance. Patience with successful companies will ultimately be rewarded. 5. You must clearly understand why you own a stock—children grow up, but stocks don’t necessarily rise. 6. Those obsessed with getting rich overnight through one big gamble often lose the most. 7. Individual investors have limited energy—never hold more than five stocks at any one time. 8. If you can’t find stocks worth investing in, stay away from the market—earning nothing by keeping money in the bank is still better than losing it. 9. Before buying a stock, always review the balance sheet to assess whether the company faces bankruptcy risk. 10. Extreme popularity often leads to decline—avoid hot stocks in trending industries; exceptional companies in overlooked sectors are more likely to become multibaggers. 11. Don’t blindly buy early-stage small companies at the bottom—wait patiently until they become profitable before entering. 12. When investing in struggling industries, wait for clear signs of recovery—and only buy the absolute market leader with the strength to survive. 13. The biggest advantage individual investors have is concentrated holdings—just a few exceptional stocks over a lifetime can change your fate. 14. Be observant—watch the market through everyday life; you may spot high-growth hidden gems long before professional investors do. 15. Market crashes are normal—keep cash ready to buy core assets at low prices. 16. Profit requires both knowledge and courage—those who panic-sell during market crashes aren’t suited for stock investing. 17. Ignore pessimistic forecasts and crash predictions in the news—rest assured, the sky won’t fall. 18. Give up illusions—no one can reliably predict macroeconomic trends, interest rates, or market movements in advance. 19. Diligence determines returns—the more companies you research, the higher your chance of finding ones that far exceed expectations. 20. When holding shares of excellent companies, time is your ally—the longer you hold, the greater your profit potential. 21. If you have courage but lack time to research fundamentals, your best choice is to diversify across funds with different investment styles.