Passkey — Ushering in a New Era of Account Security

• Many users reuse the same password across different platforms.
• If one site leaks data, hackers can use "credential stuffing" to access others.

• Fake websites mimic official logins. Entering your password once can compromise your account.

• Strong passwords demand complexity: upper/lowercase, symbols, numbers.
• Users either forget them or use weak ones.

• Even SMS or email codes can be intercepted or forged.

Superior Security 🔐

• No password transmission means nothing for hackers to steal.
• Domain-bound credentials block phishing websites.
• Immune to credential stuffing and brute-force attacks.

Better User Experience ⚡

• Log in with fingerprint, face recognition, or device unlock.
• No more memorizing complex passwords or typing verification codes.
• Faster login — crucial for active traders.

Cross-Device Seamlessness 📱💻

• Sync via iCloud, Google, or other secure managers.
• Switch between mobile and desktop effortlessly.
• Secure access anytime, anywhere.

Global Trend 🌍

• Already supported by Google, Apple, and Microsoft.
• Financial institutions and tech platforms are adopting Passkey rapidly.
• Exchanges integrating Passkey align with international security standards.

Apple Passkey Hardware Security Mechanism

Secure Enclave Chip

• Every iPhone / iPad / Mac (with T2 chip) has an independent Secure Enclave security processor.
• The private key of Passkey is only stored inside Secure Enclave. External systems (including Apple itself) cannot read it.
• Any signing operation with Passkey (such as website login) must be computed inside Secure Enclave, and the private key never leaves the chip.

Biometrics + Hardware Binding

• Face ID / Touch ID / device passcode are the only ways to trigger Secure Enclave to use the private key.
• Even if someone steals your phone, they must pass biometric authentication or device passcode to use Passkey.
• This process happens at the hardware level, avoiding software tampering risks.
   

iCloud Keychain + End-to-End Encryption

• If iCloud Keychain is enabled, Passkey can be synchronized across multiple Apple devices.
• During synchronization:
  • Passkey uses end-to-end encryption, only your devices can decrypt.
  • Apple servers only transmit encrypted data and cannot decrypt it.
• Additional device keys and Apple ID two-factor authentication further secure the process.

Anti-cloning and Anti-phishing

• Hardware ensures that private keys are non-exportable, preventing copying to hacker devices.
• Passkey is bound to the website domain inside the hardware, preventing misuse.

Google Passkey Hardware Security Mechanism

Hardware Security Module (HSM / TEE / Titan M chip)

• On Android devices, Passkey private keys are stored in device security hardware:
  • Titan M chip (Pixel series, higher security level)
  • or Trusted Execution Environment (TEE).
• Private keys are generated and used only within the hardware, never exported to OS or apps.

Biometrics and Device Binding

• When invoking Passkey login, users must pass fingerprint, face recognition, or device passcode.
• The secure chip performs signing only after confirming identity.
• Even if the device is stolen, attackers cannot use Passkey without biometrics/passcode.

Google Account + Password Manager

• Passkey can be synchronized to Google Password Manager.
• Sync process uses end-to-end encryption, only devices can decrypt.
• Private keys are never stored in Google servers, only encrypted data tied to the account.

Anti-phishing (Domain Binding)

• Passkey is bound to the registered website domain, and hardware checks the domain during login.
• If the website is fake, the hardware refuses to provide a signature, blocking phishing.

• Protects user funds from phishing and leaks.
• Reduces fraud risks, even against impersonators.
• Speeds up trading with quick login for active users.
• Meets global standards, keeping pace with industry leaders.