Huo Xing Cai Jing reports that Zakura, a node implementation for Zcash, has unveiled an experimental network layer, P2Pv2, designed to replace the legacy protocol inherited from Bitcoin. This layer integrates a high-throughput network, resource control, and a formally verified consensus engine, enabling developers to add services without permission. Zakura notes that achieving 50,000 transactions per second would require each full node to continuously receive approximately 100 MB/s of block data, whereas NU7’s 25-second blocks can carry at most 2 MB—meaning current network throughput is over a thousand times slower. While Tachyon can reduce proof sizes after inclusion in a block, the network still must propagate large volumes of individual transactions. P2Pv2 replaces the decade-old protocol stack with protocols that can be independently optimized for latency, throughput, or robustness, allowing a single secure connection to carry multiple independent services. The transport layer is zakura-quic, built on quinn-proto, using QUIC and TLS 1.3 with Ed25519-based node identity authentication for peers. These changes eliminate dependency on Iroh, allowing nodes to configure socket buffers, flow control windows, timers, and connection admission prior to TLS handshake. The new transport connects directly to peer addresses without relying on relays, external address discovery, automatic port mapping, or QUIC NAT traversal. Nodes sign their identity, address, protocol scope, and service ID, enabling clients to discover peers by specific service. The standalone component zakura-header-chain validates block headers and maintains competing branches in a directed acyclic graph while selecting the best qualifying chain. Block synchronization schedules requests based on measured delivery rates from each peer, and verified commitment trees are used to skip rebuilding Sapling, Orchard, and Ironwood trees for each block. Currently, Mainnet still defaults to the legacy P2P stack; Testnet and Regtest run dual stacks by default, with the native protocol version being p2p-v2/3. Zakura states that P2Pv2 still has known denial-of-service risks and has not yet become a hardened trust boundary; production-hardened resource control and block relay protocols are still under development.
Zakura Launches Experimental P2Pv2 Network Layer for Zcash
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Summary
Zakura has launched an experimental P2Pv2 network upgrade for Zcash, replacing the legacy Bitcoin-derived protocol. The new layer supports high-throughput networking, resource control, and a consensus engine with attribute-based testing. It uses a custom QUIC-based transport and eliminates the Iroh dependency. Testnet and Regtest now run dual-stack by default, while Mainnet remains on the old stack. The protocol update is still under development and carries known denial-of-service risks.
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