IT Home, October 23: On October 22 local time, Microsoft announced that its AI diagnostic system, MAI-DxO, achieved a diagnostic accuracy 1.7 times higher than that of human doctors when evaluated on common emergency department cases using the MIMIC-IV-ED dataset.
The system, named Microsoft AI Diagnostic Orchestrator (DxO), simulates the process of a multidisciplinary medical consultation by orchestrating multiple AI agents that collaboratively interview patients, order laboratory tests, and conduct in-depth analysis and debate on potential diagnoses.
In a simulated assessment based on complex cases from The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), MAI-DxO achieved a diagnostic accuracy rate of 83%. In comparison, primary care physicians and general internists who could independently consult reference materials achieved an accuracy rate of only 36%.
It is worth noting that such complex cases are typically managed in clinical practice by specialist physicians or multidisciplinary medical teams, and these specialists were not included in this controlled trial.
The official statement indicates that the system costs only half or even one-third of what a doctor would cost, and can accurately pinpoint the correct diagnosis with fewer tests and procedures. This research has been officially published in the journal Science.
The study's own data also shows that the significant improvement in system diagnostic capabilities is largely due to enhanced performance of the underlying foundational AI model, with Microsoft’s orchestration architecture further amplifying this performance gain.
Microsoft tested MAI-DxO against models from OpenAI, Google, Anthropic, Meta, and DeepSeek, with OpenAI’s GPT-5 and GPT-5.5 showing the strongest performance.
IT之家 provides the paper link:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeh7930