Malaysia has maintained a ban on raw rare earth element exports since October 2025, a policy aimed at forcing value-adding activity onto Malaysian soil. The country now appears open to carving out exceptions that would strengthen its position in an increasingly geopolitical supply chain.
The rare earth chess match
Malaysia sits on an estimated 16.1 million metric tons of rare earth deposits, making it the third-largest holder globally. In 2025, Malaysia became the first non-Chinese producer of dysprosium oxide, a heavy rare earth element essential for permanent magnets used in electric vehicles and wind turbines. China controls over 85% of global rare earth processing.
International partnerships and price floors
Malaysia signed a critical minerals Memorandum of Understanding with the United States in 2025, and in July 2026 it struck new partnerships with France’s Carester and Belgian entities focused on processing technology transfers and rare earth separation plants.
American firms have secured offtake agreements with Malaysian operations, including price floors set at $110 per kilogram for certain rare earth oxides. Lynas, the Australian mining company that operates rare earth processing facilities in Malaysia, has been a primary beneficiary of these arrangements.
Why China’s grip matters
Malaysia’s potential to supply as much as 20% of the non-Chinese heavy rare earth market makes it a meaningful alternative that reduces the risk of total supply disruption.
What this means for investors
The establishment of price floors through US offtake agreements creates a more predictable revenue environment for companies operating in Malaysia. The partnerships with European entities suggest Malaysia is building a diversified customer base rather than simply becoming a US-aligned supplier.
Malaysia’s track record with Lynas operations, which have faced periodic local opposition over environmental concerns, suggests the path forward won’t be entirely smooth. Investors positioning around Malaysia’s rare earth ambitions should watch for concrete facility construction timelines and actual production volumes rather than memorandums of understanding.