There's a quiet risk hiding in Ethereum's validator geography most people haven't connected to networking. Validators have concentrated heavily around the Atlantic corridor, not by coincidence, but as a direct economic response. Being physically close to dominant relay and builder infrastructure reduces exposure to propagation variance. The system currently rewards reliable delivery over block value itself, so validators cluster wherever delivery is most reliable. The consequence: research modeling this concentration found Ethereum's liveness coefficient trending toward one, a point where a single regional outage could be enough to halt the chain. This isn't a consensus problem. It's a networking problem wearing a geography costume. Fix propagation reliability regardless of where a validator sits, and the economic pressure to cluster in one region disappears with it. Optimum's entire pitch is making propagation fast and consistent everywhere, not just in regions closest to the infrastructure core. Sometimes decentralization isn't about adding more validators. It's about removing the reason they all moved to the same place. @get_optimum