One choke point can break the whole system. Professor Jiang breaks down why the global economy is more fragile than it looks. Every system was optimized for efficiency. Lean inventory, tight supply chains, zero slack. That saves cost until a single bottleneck cascades through the whole network. His point on energy is the one that sticks: cheap energy is the foundation of the modern economy, and most of that foundation was never stress-tested. The operators who built in resilience are holding a card nobody else can print overnight.