- Vitalik Buterin proposes parallel verification and ePBS in Glamsterdam to increase block throughput.
- Gas repricing and multidimensional limits will separate execution from state creation to manage storage growth.
- Long-term scaling relies on PeerDAS blobs and phased ZK-EVM adoption, targeting higher data capacity by 2027.
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin outlined a detailed scaling plan in a blog post shared on X. The post explains how Ethereum can increase capacity soon and later rely on cryptography and data blobs. The update describes what changes are coming, why they matter, and how upgrades will roll out.
Short-Term Changes Target Block Verification
Buterin says Ethereum can raise throughput by making blocks easier to verify. Notably, upcoming upgrades will allow parallel verification, instead of step-by-step checks. This change reduces time pressure during block processing.
He also highlights ePBS, scheduled for the Glamsterdam upgrade. However, ePBS does more than redesign block building. It lets validators safely use more of each 12-second slot. As a result, blocks can include more transactions.
Next, Buterin details gas repricing. He explains that Ethereum will better align gas costs with execution time. Additionally, the network will begin using multidimensional gas limits. These limits cap different resources separately, reducing rare but costly edge cases.
Gas Changes Separate Execution From State Growth
The plan then shifts to how Ethereum prices permanent data. Currently, transaction execution and state creation share one gas pool. However, adding long-term data increases storage demands for every node.
Under Glamsterdam, Ethereum will split gas into execution and state creation categories. For example, creating new storage will cost far more state creation gas. Meanwhile, regular execution gas limits will stay separate.
Buterin explains that large contracts will become easier to deploy. State creation gas will not count toward the standard transaction gas cap. Therefore, execution can scale faster without rapidly expanding blockchain size.
Long-Term Scaling Relies on Blobs and Zk-EVMs
Looking ahead, Buterin describes two long-term tools: blobs and ZK-EVMs. Blobs will expand data capacity using PeerDAS. Notably, the target reaches about eight megabytes per second.
Today, blobs mainly support layer-2 networks. However, Ethereum plans to place its own block data into blobs later. This change allows validators to confirm data availability without full downloads.
For ZK-EVMs, adoption will occur in stages. Clients will appear in 2026, followed by wider use in 2027. Eventually, Ethereum will require multiple proof systems per block, according to Buterin.