Vitalik Buterin: Ethereum Closes In on Solving the Blockchain Trilemma with PeerDAS and ZK-EVM

According to ChainCatcher, Vitalik Buterin stated that Ethereum is now practically close to solving the long-standing "blockchain trilemma." He pointed out that two key upgrades—PeerDAS and ZK-EVM—are transforming Ethereum into a "completely new and more powerful decentralized network." Vitalik noted that PeerDAS has already been deployed on the mainnet in 2025, while ZK-EVM, although still in the phase of refining security, has achieved production-level performance and is expected to be used on a small scale on the network starting in 2026. He further outlined plans that within the next few years, Ethereum will gradually achieve a balance between decentralization, security, and high throughput by increasing gas limits, adjusting state structures, and introducing more ZK-EVM-based validation methods. He emphasized that this is not just a theoretical vision, but a long-term engineering achievement built on already operational code. Vitalik also reflected that Ethereum has invested nearly 10 years in addressing data availability and scalability issues, and this vision is now gradually becoming a reality.