Globally, there are roughly 500 million manufacturing workers worldwide. ~20% of factory jobs are already highly automatable with current robotics. ~50% could theoretically be automated by advanced humanoid robots over the coming decades. ~30% involve tasks still extremely hard for robots: improvisation, dexterity, maintenance, exception handling, creative troubleshooting, social coordination, and rapidly changing environments. So in rough numbers: Workers potentially replaceable: Already feasible with existing automation: ~100 million Theoretically replaceable with advanced humanoids + AI: ~250 million Very difficult to fully replace: ~150 million