Ethereum’s Glamsterdam upgrade is going live on Sepolia today. The more interesting question is: what happens when @ethereum starts making block execution more parallel? Block-Level Access Lists record which accounts and storage locations a block touches. That gives clients more information about which parts of execution can potentially be processed independently. This matters because Ethereum’s scaling problem isn’t simply about processing more transactions. It’s about increasing capacity without making validation increasingly expensive for ordinary nodes. Glamsterdam is therefore attacking one of the less visible constraints on Ethereum’s execution capacity. And ePBS is changing another part of the architecture by making proposer-builder separation native to the protocol. So this upgrade is really about changing how Ethereum constructs, executes and validates blocks. Sepolia activation is already scheduled. Mainnet is still TBD. I’m watching the testing more closely than the launch date. Because if these changes work as intended, Ethereum could increase execution capacity without simply solving scalability by requiring everyone to run more powerful hardware.